How Do You Ensure Pupils Understand Explanations

Seminar Paper 1 How do you ensure that pupils understand explanations ? The purpose of this essay is to look at the ways in which a child retains information, how that information is processed and the possible barriers involved. There will be some focus on the theories of learning and the strategies and practices employed in the classroom. At this juncture it must be stated that ‘ensuring’ may be an ambiguous word, and that ‘enabling’ the understanding may be more precise, as no matter how vociferous the intention to ‘ensure’ there will always be pupils who fall through the net or may even have developed their own strategies to cope with not understanding yet leading the teacher to believe they have. Surely the answer to this†¦show more content†¦A valid statement that is underpinned by most theorists who believe that cognitive understanding relates to developmental stages in age and maturity. Piaget believed that learning was supported by action. That thought is developed by experiencing and active experimenting. With the knowledge of all the impediments in place let us know consider the classroom strategies available. A tried and tested method is to ask the pupils what they think their course of action will be. For example ‘what do you think I want you to do when you have read through the text?’. (Case, 2010). This in itself for some, may take some coding and decoding and therefore present vast possibilities of misunderstanding (Denby, 2012). Obviously the message has to be first ‘coded’ by the teacher , in other words putting it into a form that can be understood, this may be visual or written. As many theorists claim however, interpretation of the spoken word is not only auditory. Approximately 35% of meaning is in the way it is actually said and a further 55% in body language and facial expression (Mehrabian, 1971). Highlighting as previously mentioned the importance of the positioning of the teacher in the room and the classroom layout. If the pupils cannot see the teacher, they may miss important facets of the instruction that will then mean them having to fill in the gaps by guessing. As Piaget states ‘ learning is a process of active discovery’ (Piaget sited MacNaughton, 2003). As teachers thereShow MoreRelatedUnit 304 Promote Children and Young People’s Positive Behaviour1100 Words   |  5 Pagespolicy has high expectations for both staff and pupils, I have highlighted the expectations in my policy attached, see DKB 1 and DKB 2. b) Rewards and sanctions See level 2 c) Dealing with conflict and inappropriate behaviour See level 2 d) Anti bullying We have a detailed policy regarding anti bullying which explains what bullying is, why it is important to respond to bullying, signs and symptoms of bullying and how to handle it. How it is dealt with is highlighted in the antiRead MoreGrowing Gender Imbalance Observed Within The Subjects Of Ict And Computing980 Words   |  4 PagesThis research will explore the factors that contribute to the growing gender imbalance observed within the subjects of ICT and Computing. After reviewing relevant literature, exploring existing explanations for the imbalance, I aim to analyse the interest of girls in the subject area within my current placement school. For this research project, a case study is the most appropriate methodology in order to achieve, and attempt to answer, the research questions outlined within the introduction; IRead MoreTDA 3.71675 Words   |  7 Pagesassess pupils achievemnets in the class, but the main teacher has overall responsibility for recording and making the decisions that may be needed for example moving a child into a different group to match their ability levels. The teacher needs to be aware of the progression made by all the children in their class and be able to report back to parents and other members of staff. As a teaching assitant my main role is to support the class teacher whilst the ongoing assessment of pupils takes placeRead MoreThe Fairness And Lack Of Fairness1634 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals. Equity is about fairness, making sure all people get access and chances to the same opportunities. This is because many of our differences, our pasts and our views can lead to a blockade of participation, singling certain people out. To ensure that equality is achieved it must first insure equity. Throughout many institutions of education social inequity has been shown through social class, race and ethnicity and gender. As of this many minorities and certain people have been caused toRead MoreA Good Relationship Between School And The Parents1439 Words   |  6 Pagesand so on. Other forms of required protection can be less obvious, and need greater consideration on how to safeguard the children. This can include situations such as bullying, e-safety and challenging mistaken beliefs about themselves. Staff and regular volunteers all undergo enhanced DBS checks, and carry out relevant training and qualifications to help them with their role. b. An explanation of policies and procedures that are in place to protect children and young people and adults who workRead MoreSociological Perspective of the Relationship Between Education and the Economy1062 Words   |  5 Pagessocial ladder obtaining a higher social status. They see education as turning pupils into model citizens that the most able pupils will succeed and obtain the most important jobs. Durkheim stated that education performs the function of making individuals feel they are members of a social group. This can be done through lessons such as history. He believes that school teaches pupils how to co-operate and work with others. The subjects that are taught in schools areRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1626 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination is the concept of treating someone unfairly due to a specific prejudice you have toward them, as stated by Pincus (2006) on distinguishing the two â€Å"prejudice is what people think and discrimination is what people do†[1] thus to discriminate a child would be to act upon your feeling toward them. Within practice this could be shown through singling out a child due to their race, religion, disability and/or gender etc., such behaviours are not condoned nor allowed within the educationRead MoreC. Explain How Different Social, Professional and Cultural Contexts May Affect Relationships and the Way People Communicate.3089 Words   |  13 Pagesare at all confused at what we are hearing, we need to ask more questions. Young adults are interested in talking in depth about themselves and about their relationships with others. They want to understand who they are becoming and what others think and feel about them. Adolescents want to talk about how they are different from their parents and the rest of the world. Young adults are at a time when children typically act more negative and have more conflicts with their parents. Young adults spendRead MoreExplain the Differences Between Communicating with Adults and Comminicating with Children and Young People2058 Words   |  9 Pagesdifferences between communicating with adults and comminicating with children and young people. Communicating with children : - Comminicate clear ,concise and appropriate to their ages, needs, abilities by using words and phrases they will understand - actively listening to children - positive respond - asking and answering questions to prompt responses and check understanding - adapt comminication to their language or sen - concentrate what child is saying - useRead MoreThe Debate Over Target Language2654 Words   |  11 Pagesexaminations, now more than ever the pressure is on for MFL teachers to promote the use of the TL within the classroom. However, there is a lot of dispute about the use of target language (TL) in the MFL classroom and key questions such as when and how often should we use the TL?’ as well as when should we use the mother tongue?’ have arisen. On one side, many argue in favour of the TL and feel that the national curriculum requirement is best met if classes are taught as often and as possible, using

Greek Philosophy The And The Sophists - 1167 Words

Devyn K. Smith Greek Philosophy Henry Schuurman I.D Number:130010 Mailbox Number: 621 Protagoras and the Sophists Throughout the history of the world, philosophy has been at the forefront of the human search for knowledge, but there is no other philosophy like ancient Greek philosophy. Ancient Greek philosophy roughly began in the sixth century BCE and continued on up until ancient Greece became apart of the Roman Empire. The great Greek philosophers of the time, like Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle focused their study of philosophy in subjects like political philosophy, ethics, metaphysics, ontology, logic, biology, and rhetoric to name a few. Even today many philosophers agree that ancient Greek philosophy has influenced much of today’s Western culture. Among the broad subject of ancient Greek philosophy there were many sub-forms of Greek philosophy like the Pre-Socratic philosophy, which involves the Milesian school, and Pythagoreanism, and classical Greek philosophy, which involves Socrates’, Plato’s, and Aristotle’s teachings; and then there was sophism and the sophists. Who are the sophists and why/how are their teachings relevant with the rest of ancient Greek philosophy? The word sophist is a collaboration of two Greek words sophia, meaning wisdom, and sophos, meaning wise. The age of the Sophists began in the fifth century B.C.E in ancient Greek cities like Athens. They were travelling professional teachers who taught young, wealthy, Greek men (women were of noShow MoreRelatedThe Golden Age Of Greek Philosophy947 Words   |  4 Pageshuman beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems. The Golden Age of Greek philosophy is the antecedents of humanism. It is nothing like todays humanism but has the same characteristics. Society’s in the Greek world had become increasingly intricate and they also developed new ways of solving problems, having doubts about Greek philosophy. This new thinking did not abandon religion in essence but was establishing passion to follow science, intelligenceRead More greek philosophy Essay984 Words   |  4 Pages Greek Religion is the beginning to Greek philosophy an d the beginning to many great philosophers. The lack of stimulation that Greek religion is the main reason why the study of philosophy became so popular in Greek culture. Philosophy of religion was studied because people like Socrates did not understand why things were and why they had to be only that way. The lack of religion is what led to people and philosophers questioning the ethical choices people followed. Philosophy is a study of beliefsRead MoreMr.Jlgibson1096 Words   |  5 Pages 09Sept14 To: Intro to Philosophy. Essay 1 What am I doing in this class? And how if at all. Do I think studying philosophy might benefit me. An introduction to Western Philosophy by Donald Palmer. I will attempt to answer three basic questions with this essay. What is Philosophy, What are the origins of Philosophy and why am I studying Philosophy today. Therefore my main reason for studying philosophy is to expand my knowledge and liveRead MoreSocrates Vs. Plato : The Essential Themes Of The Meno1633 Words   |  7 PagesThere is not a great deal of context that is crucial to understanding the essential themes of the Meno, largely because the dialogue sits nearly at the beginning of western philosophy. Socrates and Plato are working not so much in the context of previous philosophies as in the context of the lack of them. Further, this is very probably one of Plato s earliest surviving dialogues, set in about 402 BCE (by extension, we might presume that it represents Socrates at a relatively early stage in his ownRead MoreThe Differences Between The And Plato1263 Words   |  6 PagesHumanity has evolved in more than one way since the Ancient Greek times with technological, cultural and political advancements. Honestly, we wouldn’t be as advanced as we are today without these basic advancements within Philosophy. Society has grasped onto some philosophers ideas more than others because their ideas appealed to what they knew, or arguably to what they thought they knew at the time. Greece was home to most of our famous philosophers. Some have overcome the most complex questionsRead MoreEssay on Great Religions And Philosophies. : Greek Philosophy.904 Words   |  4 Pages Great Religions and Philosophies. : Greek Philosophy. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the 6th century B.C, there began a dualism in Greek Philosophy. The development of Greek Philosophy became a compromise between Greek monistic and oriental influences, in other words, a combination of intellectualism and mysticism. Thus began the pre-Socratic philosophy. The interests of pre- Socratic philosophers were centered on the world that surrounds man, the Cosmos. This was during the time of great internalRead MoreSocrates Changed Philosophy Forever Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesSocrates theories move away from the previous pre-Socratic philosophers mainly because his goal and answers he wanted were the meaning of mortality and society. Socrates was born in the Greek city of Athens in 470 BC. His mother Phaenarete was a well loved midwife and his father Sophroniscus was a stone mason by trade. It is said that Socrates married Xanthippe, a woman known for her shrewish demeanor. The couple went on and had three sons; Lamprocles, Sophroniscus and Menexenus. Many scholarsRead More A Short History of Ethics Essay examples1283 Words   |  6 PagesIn chapters three and four of A Short History of Ethics, Alastair MacIntyre makes a clear distinction between two philosophical doctrines at loggerheads: the Sophists and Socrates. The Sophistic amalgam of personal success, lust and power is constantly interrogated by an interlocutor in an endless plight to reveal Sophistic ignorance, fruitless desires and the right to universal justice. MacIntyre identifies the codes of both parties, and further complements the debate with historic examples to concludeRead MoreEssay on Greek Philosophy673 Words   |  3 PagesGreek Philosoph y Philosophy, the use of reason and argument in seeking truth and knowledge of reality. Throughout history man has searched for the origins of his existence, both on an outward and inward level, seeking truth and understanding of his world. The first culture to actively explore this idea of philosophy was the Greeks. Because their civilization placed less emphasis on religion and the masses didnt have to constantly answer to religious figures man had time to explore other thingsRead MoreThe Sophists of Ancient Greece Essay1863 Words   |  8 PagesThe Sophists considered themselves experts in teaching, writing and poetry and would travel throughout Greece, lecturing and selling their services to young men who could afford to pay for higher education in the arts and sciences. Although Sophists came from many European countries, they gained most of their notoriety and recognition in Athens, which was the epicenter of Greek culture during the fifth and fourth century BCE. Because little of their original works survived, the reports and criticisms

The United States Bureau Of Land Management - 971 Words

1 The U.S. Bureau of Land Management has stepped in to provide restorative practices upon 500,000 acres of heavily degraded public grasslands. This land is suffering from severe soil erosion as well as degradation due to overgrazing. The suppression of natural fires has caused shrubs and invasive weeds to encroach upon the grasslands. A full scale assessment will take place on this land before restoration efforts begin. The first thing that would need to be assessed is the soil, for it is eroding and holding little nutrient value. Samples would be taken of this soil from various parts of the grasslands including the eroded gullies. Each soil sample would be taken from at least 1 foot below the surface, to test for carbon richness below the topsoil. These would then be tested for texture, density, water retention, and chemical composition. Typically, powerful, healthy soil will contain amounts of both Nitrogen and Phosphorous, which are essential nutrients in sustainable plant growth. These samples would also be tested for any build-up of salts, something known as soil salinization. Unhealthy, salinized soil is created over years of over-hydrating and deep plowing. Excess water will suffocate root systems of once-healthy crops, and salinized soils will reduce crop output up to 20% (Withgott Brennan, 2011). The next assessment would be in the shrubs and invasive weed species on the land. Knowing the volume and location of these plants gives way to a better understanding ofShow MoreRelatedThe United States Federal Government875 Words   |  4 Pagesexceedingly common throughout the United States. In many cases, the federal government does overstep by inappropriately using the power that they possess. However, there is a fine line between rebelling against the federal government for your own freedom and completely overlooking all of the same laws and rights that the rest of the American citizens are expected to abide by. The Cliven Bundy standoff is a 20-year lega l dispute between the United States Bureau of Land Management and Cliven Bundy, who wasRead MoreFederal Agencies1660 Words   |  7 Pagesadministrative structure of the federal government: U.S. Army Corps Engineers U.S. Bureau Land Management U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Geological Survey The (USACE) United States Army Corps of Engineers  is a U.S federal agency operating under the Department of Defense. Major army command is made up of 37,000 civilians and military personnel. The USACE supports Federal Emergency Management Agency and Department of Homeland Security to implement the security planningRead MoreEssay about Illegal Immigration and the Environment1676 Words   |  7 Pageslong-term shift of populations across national borders without complying with the legal requirements. 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It also studies how animals may interact with their ecosystemRead MoreThe Most Crucial Problem of Philippine: Deforestation1153 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment laws, increasing population, poverty, corruption , agricultural expansion and lastly, extensive commercial logging activities. Philippines is a beautiful country rich in its biodiversity and natural resources, the country has 7,107 islands with a land area of 300,000 square kilometers. Unfortunately, the total forest cover in the Philippines has dramatically declined by 80% from 1900 to 2000. The forest is now down to 17.9% of the whole country. Philippines fall in the category of one of fastestRead MoreIndias Goals for Conservation1347 Words   |  5 PagesBiological Diversity (CBD)’ in 2004, by a 15 percent. Almost all state owned forests and other important ecosystems which are outside the PAN were also under some kind of broad-based conservation planning. Fourteen more potential sites were considered to get designated as Biosphere Reserves. Apart from the Wetlands, Coral reefs and Mangrove Conservation areas, research and development activities are also being supported for their management. So far out of the 115 wetlands in India, 25 have been recognisedRead MoreBreaking the Law or Civil Desobedience Essay example1642 Words   |  7 Pagesto define that in some societies it is less appropriate to break laws. There is no legal right to civil disobedience but instead a moral one, but only when the government is eliminating basic human rights, not just any time. As a researcher for the United Nations Chemi bin Noon points out â€Å"There is a primary obligation not to obey the law unless it is rooted in justice, freedom and equality. It would follow that civil responsibility, and not necessarily obedience to the law, is the basis for democracy

I ve Always Enjoyed Writing - 1455 Words

I’ve always enjoyed writing. I started to write as early as the third grade, where I would imagine curious stories about my favorite cartoon or video game characters. I fell in love with the fact that whatever I thought of, I could expand upon the thought in an even bigger way than just devising it. I didn’t enjoy reading too much though, I never had the patience to sit down and focus until the sixth grade. So, I always hated the book reports they had us do. Even though, we had to write a whopping two sentences a chapter, I still complained. Back to writing. The cartoon I was captivated by at the time was titled Ben 10. This ten year old boy named Ben was walking through the woods one night and a shooting star fell down at his feet. Well, it ended up being a watch that held ten different alien DNA in it. It granted him the ability to mutate into one of the ten different aliens for ten minutes at a time. He took advantage of this opportunity to use the watch to fight cri me, alien or human. At the age I was at, I was just blown away about how different this was. So, test day came around in my third grade class and I absolutely bombed the DCA. I did well on the multiple choice, but I came around to the essay question and its what got me. She gave us a topic and a minimum number of sentences to write and I went above and beyond. I wrote over three pages and went completely off subject with it. I can’t remember what the topic was about, but what I wrote was not on topic at all.Show MoreRelatedWhy I Want For School Assignments1528 Words   |  7 PagesI wouldn t even know where to begin with all the things I ve done in my life that have involved literacy. Whether it d be speaking, reading, or writing; I can truly say that all three of these areas have expanded and developed over the years. However, I never had to do any of this alone. There was always inspiration for the times I was stuck on a blank page. There were always teachers, friends, and peers who were always there to guide me in the right direction for school assignments. I feel asRead MoreMy Best Year At Paideia961 Words   |  4 PagesThis has been my most varied year at Paideia. I covered topics that I would’ve never expected. In fact rather than being handed project ideas I came up with a lot of my own. I worked From humanism to cosmetic surgery, I’ve really explored the educational field. This has been my best year in math. We started the year covering exponents, which thoroughly enjoyed working with. The concept initially confused me but after some practice and explanation I soaked it up. Another big part of math this yearRead MoreThank You So Much For Such A Wonderful Semester924 Words   |  4 Pageswonderful semester. I truly enjoyed your class and all of the energy and passion you brought to our lecture. You have inspired me in so many ways. 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Your SoP should elaborate on the strengths you ve brought up in your application, and should refer to the traits JET is looking for. Provide brief anecdotes about experiences you ve listed in the application. Show some personality, give the intervi ewers a reason to remember you. Also, have other people look over your SoP. This is a professional-calibre essay, notRead MorePersuasive Essay About Hallmarks1322 Words   |  6 PagesI love that too. We Hallmark fans enjoy getting to see actors we know and have interacted with on Hallmark and other networks. While network fans are great, there is something special about Hallmark fans. Definitely. I learned from Andrea mostly. I m not great on social media. She s so awesome with her fans and gives them everything they want. She s so loving to them, and they are just so awesome back. She has this great rapport with them, and obviously, the fans want to know what she s up toRead MoreGayle Forman s An World Of Teens1632 Words   |  7 PagesGayle Forman is a fairly known author, but mostly in the world of teens. Gayle Forman is now known mostly for writing young adult fiction, but that isn’t where she began her career. Gayle Forman got her start in writing as a journalist, where she got her first job at Seventeen magazine. She began her work there by reporting what was going on in the world, and telling the stories of people she had crossed paths with. She remained at her job at Seventeen until she decided to start a family with herRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Foxglove Killings 872 Words   |  4 Pagesthat, I am going to go the mysterious route with my review for The Foxglove Killings... Wouldn t want to give anything away, now would I?! So, short and sweet and simple. I was a little hesitant to try this one for two reasons, even though I loved the sound of it. One, Young Adult Mystery stories are very hit or miss with me. I don t mind knowing early on the whodunit, but I at least want to be entertained, even after figuring things out. Two, when I read the synopsis for this book, I wasn tRead MoreThe Country Music Group Exile1362 Words   |  6 Pages53 years after their original debut. The groups first album released after Jimmy Stokley’s forced departure was not one that the group enjoyed recording. All There Is was full of disco influence; a style that was being forced on many groups at the time. As a group that did not even like disco, Exile found it very hard to get through the album and promotions. â€Å"I can just remember spending a lot of hours in the studio, and just kind of beating ourselves to death,† said Marlon Hargis, keyboardist (Westbrook

Polymer Science

Question: Discuss about thePolymer Science. Answer: History of Polymer Polyether ether ketone is thermoplastic polymer, used in the engineering applications. This organic compound belongs to linear aromatic polyether ketone family known as polyaryletherketone (PAEK) family. PEEK polymer was invented by ICI (Imperial chemicals industries) in the year 1982, which is an aromatic polyketone. ICI revealed that the prospective for excellent features of PEEK and test marketing was carried out in 1978, after 1 year of the development of the material. In 1993, ICI sold PEEK business to Victrex plc via a management buyout, at that time, till several years, PEEK was the only commercial manufacturer as well as supplier of PEEK in the market. In, 1990, the volume for polyketone was 500,000 lbs per year, which was estimated to reach 3 to 4 million by 2000 (Goodson et al., 2012), this data is also highlighted by Olabis (2012) and Isayev (1991). Victrex PEEK has an annual production capacity is about 2800 tonnes, however, due to its excellent properties, demand is enha ncing. According to the analysis in October 1998, cost for aromatic polyketone is $30 per round. There are other companies, which have started manufacturing PEEK to meet the market demands. Structure and Synthesis Polyetheretherketone is a semicrystaline, high temperature engineering thermoplastic, used as matrix polymer for high performance composites. The structural chemical formula of the aromatic crystalline compound is [-oxy-1,4-phenylene-oxy-1,4-phenylene-carbonyl-1,4-phenylene-]. The density of this compound is 1320 kg/m3. The study of crystalline structure of PEEK has shown that due to very high nucleation density of PEEK on fibre surface, crystal growth unimpeded in the path normal to fibre axis, which is the reason behind transcrystallinity development. At the time of transcrystallinity, lamellae are arranged in a perpendicular position to the fibre axis, thereby representing optical properties of transcrystallinity (Fortney Fossum, 2012; Ward, 2012). Figure: Structure of PEEK (Source: Goodson et al., 2012) PEEK polymer is obtained through step-growth polymerization by dialkylation of bisphenolate salts. The typical reaction of PEEK synthesis involve 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone (DFBP) and disodium salt of hydroquinone (HQ), hydroquinone. The disodium salt of hydroquinone is prepared in situ through the deprotonation with sodium carbonate. The main reaction occurs at 300 C in polar aprotic solvent or anhydrous potassium carbonate (K2CO3) respectively, under microwave irradiation; mostly used solvent is diphenyl sulphone. Figure: Synthesis of PEEK (Source: Ashrafi et al., 2012) 3. Properties of Peek Due to PEEKs robust properties, its demand is increasing. Several superlatives can be used for demonstrating PEEKs properties, as it is the best performing thermoplastic polymer. The polymer has unique physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, which are enhancing its compatibility to be used in different applications (Rudin Choi, 2012). Chemical Properties of Peek PEEK has excellent chemical resistance properties, which are retained in the polymer till very high temperature. This property is making PEEK an ideal material to be used as a magnetic stir bar in high mechanical stress induced application. The polymer is exceptionally resistant to most organic and inorganic chemicals. However, in concentrated anhydrous or strong oxidizing agents, the polymer loses its chemical resistance and dissolved. The aromatic polymer has is extremely resistant to hydrolysis in hot water and it remains unchanged after thousand hours at about 250C at high pressure in water. However, the compound is not highly resistant to UV radiation, however, it consist notable resistance towards X rays, beta rays and excellent resistance towards gamma rays, which is estimated as 1000 Mrad, instead of losing its mechanical properties. Several researchers have investigated the compatibility of PEEK with many chemicals at 20 C (68 F) and revealed an A grade rating in most of the chemicals. In addition, the compound has a very high compatibility with approximately any kinds of solvents used in HPLC (Ehrenstein, 2012; Manson, 2012) This information is also supported by Fries and Zarfl (2012). However, the compound is attacked by concentrated nitric and sulphuric acid, though PEEK tubing can resist 20-30 % nitric acid, during system passivating. In contrast, THF, methylenechloride and DMSO can make the compound to swell. The highest temperature at which the polymer PEEK can maintain its tubing and pressure rating is 100C. It has a thermal expansion of 3.000 and heat deflection temperature is 340 F. These properties enhance the opportunity for sterilization; along with its excellent biocompatibility, the compound has become a pivotal candidate for medical applications. Physical Properties of Peek PEEK is a semicrystalline thermoplastic, having a density of 1320 kg/m3. The processing condition during molding of PEEK promotes the crystallinity property of the compound, thereby facilitating its mechanical properties. This molding pressure is a significant processing property of the polymer, which is 0.011. Its glass transition temperature is 143 C (289 F) and meting point is approximately 343 C (662 F). The useful operating temperature for this polymer is up to 250 C (482 F). Between its room temperature and solidus temperature, the thermal conductivity enhances nearly linearly against temperature. The polymer is optically opaque. It has a maximum water absorption rate of 0.1 to 0.14 % (Ashrafi et al., 2012). The polymer has good oxidation resistance, UV resistance, alkaline resistance and acid resistance properties. Mechanical Properties of Peek PEEK has excellent mechanical resistance, which is influenced by its physical properties. PEEK has a tensile strength of 10,000 psi to 15,000 psi, a tensile module of 500K. It has a tensile elongation percentage of 30 to 150 %. On the other hand, impact strength is 0.6 to 2.2 ft-lb/in. PEEEK has a hardness of R120 and CLTE of 10-6mm/mm/C. Flexural strength is 17,500 Psi and flexural modulus is 0.50 Psi. Tensile strength of the compound is 90 to 100 MPa and the youngs modulus is 3.6 GPa. Thermal Properties of Peek The PEEK has an excellent thermal capability and can with stand am temperature up to 250 degree Celsius. The compound also has the property to resistance to burning and lower flame spread. The Limiting Oxygen Index is 35%, which cause lower smoke generation even when burning of the material occurs. Thus, it can use as a useful engineering material Uses of Peek PEEK is used for fabricating items used in different demanding application, due to its robustness; these applications include bearings, piston parts, HPLC column, pumps, cable insulation and compressor plate valves. It has a good UV resistance property, thus it is compatible with ultra-high vacuum applications. The polymer is being considered as an advanced biomaterial having rapid opportunity to be used in medical implants. In spinal fusion devices and reinforcing rods, the use of PEEK is being increased. In aerospace, chemical and automotive industries are significantly using PEEK (Chawla, 2012). This is also supported by Hallmann et al., (2012). As the polymer has a mechanical property of maintaining its properties at very high temperature, it is being used in least two types of Reprap extruder for playing the role of thermal insulation (Heaton, 2012). Therefore, it can be said that the mechanical structure of extruder can be prepared by the substance that is being extruded; however, it should be assured that the PEEK insulator is preventing heat from travelling beyond the intended melt zone. In preparation of prosthetics, instruments and diagnostics, it is widely used in medical science. It is also used in making appliances like handles and cooking equipments. It is used for producing woven products for belting, filter and meshes. Due to the high chemical resistance power of PEEK, it can be used with adverse chemical agents and also due to the longer life power of the material they can be economical. Moreover, due to the capability of hydraulic resistance, the material has the power resist condition of high pressure and thus can be used in all adverse environmental situations. Environmental Impact of Peek PEEK is a notable polymer for reducing negative impact upon environment. A component that is minimizing environmental impact is ensuring that the component is safe for use and reliable. Appropriate use of PEEK in different application can enhance part like and reliability, during the reduction of equipment downtime. Excellent properties of PEEK provide a reliable alternative to petrochemical applications and thereby reducing the negative impacts of petrochemical applications. PEEK is lighter compared to other metals replaced by the compound; thereby it is directly reducing fuel consumption requirements. Moreover, significantly higher strength and stiffness it can be used in lighter-weight parts. PEEK plastic is easy to recycle and the recycled PEEK has significant applications (Ashrafi et al., 2012; Heaton, 2012; Shukla et al., 2012). Thus, it is an environment-friendly compound. Its toxicity is low, fire, smoke and toxic gas emission is also low, which makes it more reliable for usi ng in fire proof substances. PEEK has lower amount of toxicity as it is based on the lower amount of insolubility in water. Natural PEEK has lower amount of toxic element. As PEEK is very expensive material, it is important to recycle the usage of those materials. The thermosetting polymers can be used in the purpose of recycling and dispose of PEEK (Carraher Seymour, 2012). There is also the incineration process that helps to in non-combustible ways of disposing and recycling of PEEK. On the other hand, the mechanical non-combustion technique, which is based on comminuting and granulation, can help in the recycling process. All the chemical process of recycling of PEEK has proved to be effective and help to protect the environment. The recycled PEEK can prove to be economical and also is cost effective. Nevertheless, there is still higher potential for the application of recycled PEEK. This provides a wide chance of future research for the application of recycled PPEK. Reference List Ashrafi, B., Dez-Pascual, A. M., Johnson, L., Genest, M., Hind, S., Martinez-Rubi, Y., ... Johnston, A. (2012). Processing and properties of PEEK/glass fiber laminates: Effect of addition of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 43(8), 1267-1279. Carraher Jr, C. E., Seymour, R. B. (2012). StructureProperty Relationships in Polymers. Springer Science Business Media. Chawla, K. K. (2012). Composite materials: science and engineering. Springer Science Business Media. Ehrenstein, G. W. (2012). Polymeric materials: structure, properties, applications. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH Co KG. Fortney, A., Fossum, E. (2012). Soluble, semi-crystalline PEEK analogs based on 3, 5-difluorobenzophenone: Synthesis and characterization. Polymer, 53(12), 2327-2333. Fries, E., Zarfl, C. (2012). Sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to low and high density polyethylene (PE). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 19(4), 1296-1304. Goodson, M. L., Farr, D., Keith, D., Banks, R. J. (2012). Use of two-piece polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants in orbitozygomatic reconstruction. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 50(3), 268-269. Hallmann, L., Mehl, A., Sereno, N., Hmmerle, C. H. (2012). The improvement of adhesive properties of PEEK through different pre-treatments. Applied Surface Science, 258(18), 7213-7218. Heaton, C. A. (Ed.). (2012). The chemical industry. Springer Science Business Media. Isayev, A. (1991). U.S. Patent No. 5,006,402. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Manson, J. A. (2012). Polymer blends and composites. Springer Science Business Media. Olabis, O. (2012). Polymer-polymer miscibility. Elsevier. Rudin, A., Choi, P. (2012). The Elements of Polymer Science Engineering. Academic Press. Shukla, D., Negi, Y. S., Uppadhyaya, J. S., Kumar, V. (2012). Synthesis and modification of poly (ether ether ketone) and their properties: a review. Polymer Reviews, 52(2), 189-228. Ward, I. M. (Ed.). (2012). Structure and properties of oriented polymers. Springer Science Business Media.

Sport Management Essay Research Paper HPR 475 free essay sample

Sport Management Essay, Research Paper HPR 475 # 8211 ; Management of Sport A ; Diversion Semester Project Proposal # 8211 ; Homework 1 Introduction Enterprise Description The Springfield Statesmen Hockey Organization will play in the North American Junior Hockey League ( NAJHL ) . The NAJHL is a Division A junior hockey conference, which is the highest degree of junior hockey, dwelling of eight squads located in the Great Lakes Region of the United States. The conference is comprised preponderantly of participants 16 -20 old ages old. Each squad in the conference plays a twenty- game agenda. In add-on, conference members play in a mid-season all-star game and in a conference tourney that culminates the season by declaring a conference title-holder. The squad will play its place games in the Ice Palace, leased from the City of Springfield. The Ice Palace has a maximal capacity of 3,000 people. It includes four cabinet suites, eight public toilet installations, an arcade room, an athletic preparation installation, a weight room, and a big room available for private maps. Description of the Community The City of Springfield, which hosts the squad, has a population of 110,000 ; plus an extra 559,000 within a 60-mile radius. The largest age group for both work forces and adult females is 35-44. The metropolis # 8217 ; s authorities is a municipality with a city manager and 10 aldermen that represent an country of the metropolis. Springfield is the province capital of Illinois and hence houses many of the province # 8217 ; s bureaus. Its economic base depends upon province and federal bureaus, three major infirmaries, three colleges, and two province universities ( University of Illinois at Springfield and Southern Illinois University School of Medicine ) . The cost of life in Springfield has an index of 97.4 ; the national norm is an index of 100. Thirty-five per centum of the families in Springfield earn between $ 25,000 and $ 49,000. The three chief industries supplying employment are the public sector, services, and retail trade. Springfield has an unemployment rate of 5.4 % . Thirty-three per centum of Springfieldians have a high school sheepskin and 14 per centum have a unmarried man # 8217 ; s grade. Springfield has 36 public schools and 29 non-public schools using over 2,600 instructors. The YMCA, YWCA, Boys and Girls Club of America, and the Springfield Rotary Club offer societal service to the community. Springfield offers 6 museums ( including the Illinois State Museum ) , two menagerie, a minor conference baseball squad, and legion province and national historic sites. Parks offered include seven Parkss in the Springfield Park District, a wildlife sanctuary, botanical gardens, and Lincoln # 8217 ; s New Salem State Park. The Illinois Symphony Orchestra, Springfield Chamber Orchestra, Springfield Muni Opera, and Springfield Theatre Center house the metropolis # 8217 ; s executing humanistic disciplines. Natural resources of the country include Lake Springfield and the Sangamon River. Numerous main roads and Interstates 55 and 72 allow for travel in and out of the metropolis. Capital Airport provides air service to the community with service provided by American Eagle, Great Lakes, United Express, and Trans World Express. Five trunkline railwaies serve Sangamon County and Amtrak provides rider service. Intra-city coach service is available via the Springfield Mass Transit District, and Greyhound provides interstate coach service ( Greater Springfield Chamber of Commerce, 1999 ) . Target Population The athletic services provided by the Springfield Statesmen Hockey Organization ( SSHO ) serves chiefly 16-20 twelvemonth old hockey participants seeking an chance to finally play for a major college or professional hockey squad. Players will be recruited and drafted from national and international dwarf ( a younger group of participants ) conferences, with participants coming from as far off as Europe and Russia to play. Due to the disbursals to play the athletics most participants come from upper-middle and upper category households. The amusement services provided by the squad serves an audience of all ages. Working category households provide the largest audience base. Particular seating will be provided for households every bit good as group ticket pricing. A private room is available for larger parties. The installation is handicapped accessible, and smoke is prohibited in the sphere. Financing The SSHO is financed chiefly by participant fees ( participants must pay $ 5,000 each to play in the lupus erythematosus ague ) , ticket gross revenues, and advertisement gross revenues. Extra support will come from grant gross revenues, squad ware gross revenues, supporter nine fundraisers, and squad fundraisers ( the Summer Golf Outing with the squad and a Silent Auction of squad memorabilia ) . Legal Basis for Service The SSHO is a for-profit corporation, incorporated in the State of Illinois and registered with the Federal Government as a for-profit corporation. Annually, the major stockholders for the squad file revenue enhancements with the Illinois Department of Revenue and the Internal Revenue Service. PURPOSE STATEMENT SPRINGFIELD STATESMEN HOCKEY ORGANIZATION The primary intent of the SSHO is to heighten the development of its participants through top-quality coaching, extended pattern clip, and a strict game agenda. The Organization is committed to supplying these developmental chances in concurrence with a committedness to academic support, as the Organization # 8217 ; s agenda is designed around weekend travel to minimise school struggles. VISION STATEMENT SPRINGFIELD STATESMEN HOCKEY ORGANIZATION Springfield Statesmen Hockey is one of the Prime Minister junior hockey organisations in the state. The Organization is committed to seting a winning squad on the ice by developing a squad of highly gifted participants. League competition helps participants make the passage from dwarf and high school hockey to college and professional hockey by making an environment that is extremely competitory, encourages skill development, and provides clip for personal growing and adulthood. Springfield Statesmen Hockey is the coolest game in town! ORGANIZATIONAL CHART DESCRIPTION The organisational chart ( See Appendix A ) of the SSHO follows the classical bureaucratic chart, where authorization and duty flows from top to bottom. The major spouses ( stockholders ) are at the top of the chart. A Board of Directors studies to the stockholders and is assisted by a legal advocate and external hearer. The Board is responsible for the hiring of the Chief Executive Officer who oversees the General Manager and Business Manager. The General Manager ( GM ) besides serves as caput manager, and is assisted by the Assistant Coach in doing squad policies and carry oning the on-ice concern. The caput and adjunct manager are besides responsible for the hiring of the medical staff and for supplying exploratory survey, participant development, and strength and conditioning preparation. The medical staff consists of a athleticss doctor, a certified athletic trainer, and a squad chiropractor ; all of who work in concurrence with each other ( associating pin format ) . The caput athletic trainer is responsible for the hiring of a qualified helper athletic trainer ( who may non be paid ) . The Business Manager is responsible for the hiring of the Office Manager and the other assorted concern sections of the organisation: selling and community dealingss ; ticket operations and gross revenues ; finance ; ware gross revenues ( the latter three are in a lockup pin format ) ; rink operations ; and media and public dealingss ( PR ) . The Office Manager oversees the Organization # 8217 ; s clerical staff. The caput of rink operations is in charge of engaging a public reference ( PA ) announcer, security officers, ice care crew, grant employees, and parking staff. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED SERVICES The primary service provided by the SSHO is a agency for promotion in competitory hockey. Our participants receive quality coaching and ample chance to be scouted. The squad is located in the bosom of Midwestern collegiate hockey, doing all conference games and tourneies easy accessible by college recruiters and professional lookouts. National Hockey League ( NHL ) squads, NHL Central Scouting, and all degrees of major college and junior hockey systematically scout league games. In add-on, the NAJHL takes an active function in advancing its participants by administering monthly advancement studies to NHL Central Scouting and all major college plans. The squad besides publishes a media usher, is covered by a figure of local intelligence services, and has all of its away games broadcasted on wireless. Bing a portion of the Springfield Statesmen Hockey Organization will supply all of its participants with the chance to vie against some of North America # 8217 ; s best hockey participan ts, and bask the benefits of the visibleness that goes along with it.