“Blueback” by Tim Winton Essay Essay Example

â€Å"Blueback† by Tim Winton Essay Paper Essay Question: How does Tim Winton use the elements of narrations to covey his subject? Have you of all time read a narrative about a male child whose best friend is a fish? In Blueback by Tim Winton this is precisely what happens. Like in many of Winton’s narratives Blueback is set in a seaside town in Western Australia. Winton uses the scene. characters. struggle and declaration to portray the message that we should protect the environment and non loot the oceans for our ain benefit. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Blueback† by Tim Winton Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Blueback† by Tim Winton Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Blueback† by Tim Winton Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The chief Fictional characters in Blueback are Able and his Mum. Dora. who live in the sleepy seaside town of Longboat bay. Winton constructs Longboat bay as a peaceable rather topographic point that belongs merely to Able. Dora and Blueback. a topographic point were they enjoy plunging and were â€Å"Able swims with his female parent in turquoise Waterss † . Winton constructs this scene to do the reader think of it as a healthy easygoing topographic point to populate off from the metropolis. Winton makes Abel’s place sound like a really pleasant topographic point to populate being nestled between Longboat bay with its abundant marine life and pristine national park. with booming wild life. Able and Dora enjoy the simple life and are really self sufficient and make everything from repairing motors to roll uping ear-shell and selling the shells. Able and Dora take advantage of the land and travel fishing and seting harvests Dora Tells Able that â€Å"Able and his female parent lived of the sea and land. Jackson had been populating here like this for more than a 100 years† . Able is constructed as a strong willed character that does his best to assist other people and the environment. When Able sees Costello â€Å"stripping the reef bare† he goes out to seek and halt him and in the procedure saves Blueback. this to me shows that Abel is a really unselfish individual. Another illustration of able being unselfish is when Longboat Bay is about ruined by an oil spill. and Able hastes place from the metropolis to seek and assist. Able and his married woman even quit their occupations to look after his Dendranthema grandifloruom when she gets ill. Winton constructs Able as a character that makes us believe about the environment and other people more. One of the chief struggles in Blueback is when Able and Dora seek to salvage Blueback from Costello. Able sees Costello taking all the fish and all the Abalone from the bay efforts to halt him. Able rapidly boards Costello’s boat and throws the ear-shell back into the H2O trusting they might last. Meanwhile Dora swims down to look into on Blueback. Able swam down to his female parent and realised that Costello was seeking spear Blueback. Costello had already changeable one lance that had missed Blueback my the narrowest or borders and was recharging. Unexpectedly Blueback swam off. On the surface Dora told Able that she â€Å"Biffed† the fish on in the caput to frighten it off. Winton uses this struggle to do the reader think about non taking to much from the ocean for your ain benefit and continuing what we have. Costello is constructed as a average selfish character who is merely interested in making something for his ain addition. Costello is the complete antonym of Able and merely thinks about himself and doesn’t attention for the environment at all. Dora describes Able as a â€Å"hard case† and says there is nil Able can make to halt him taking all the ear-shell from Longboat Bay. Even though Able does halt Costello taking more Abalone he still took many undersize fish and broke the jurisprudence. When Able got on Costello’s boat he saw that. â€Å" the deck was afloat with blood. Able had speared fish about every twenty-four hours of his life but he had neer seen such slaughter like this. † Winton uses Costello’s character makes the reader think about being more cognizant of actions that may impact other people and the image of a deck awash with blood to do people experience disgust. Winton uses the scene. characters. struggle and declaration to state his narrative and to give us the message that we must protect the environment. He does this by holding two chief scenes in Blueback. the first is Able’s place. a peaceable tranquil bay and the 2nd scene. the metropolis which is constructed as a dull noisy topographic point that Able describes as â€Å"hemmed in† . The chief message in this novel is that we must continue what we have.

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buy custom Bluetooth Modelling essay With the introduction of wireless communication, it has change the entire world; Bluetooth is such technology which has the ability to transmit both data and voice transmissions at same time. Bluetooth consists of a small microchip, and the technology behind it is short-range link to exchange information between two devices such as a computer to mobile device or mobile to mobile device. When two devices having Bluetooth come within short distance (10 meters) of each other, those two devices will detect each other and connections will be automatically. Since the technology was introduced, it has eliminated the need of connecting many wired devices; Bluetooth devices will connect instantly even if the device does not have a clear line of sight, and connection distance can be increased to 100 meters with the uses of an amplifier. The usage of this new technology is huge; when you are in the house PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) synchronizes with your house and the front door unlocks, w hen you approach your car; with a touch of a button the door unlocks, as you arrive near the reception of an hotel the door open itself automatically. Introduction Handheld devices are increasing becoming part of people daily lives, and the mobile usage in the world is increasing exponentially; already people are using mobile phones, palmtop and laptop computers . Majority of these devices dont have a compatible data communication interfaces, or, if they do, their interface will require cumbersome connections and configuration procedures, when you connect it with another device. A solution was created that was able to get rid of cumbersome connecting cables, and short-range wireless links was used to facilitate on-demand connectivity among different devices. The ideal technology was Bluetooth since it was inexpensive, enabling of compelling applications, and it has been universally adopted by device vendors. In 1998, a group of five major electronics companies- Nokia, Ericsson, IBM, Intel and Toshiba- created an open network technology that is used throughout the world to connect handheld devices. At the moment almost all the electronics manuf acturing companies in the world have joined the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). This new technology has been named after a tenth century King of Denmark, Blatand Bluetooth who was able to unite his warring Viking tribes under a common rule in Denmark, while Bluetooth logo is based on Runes surrounding the King ruled. Bluetooth technology uses a radio frequency (RF) communication interface and other associated communication protocols and usage profiles which will be discussed later in this paper. The technology behind Bluetooth can operate in the 2.4 GHz ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) radio frequency (RF) band, also this new technology can support low cost, its power efficient, and it is also a single-chip technology. Scatternet proposed here is based on a tree structure by designating a node leader to initialize the protocol and generate a centralized algorithm which will assign the roles of the network nodes. A tree topology network results to form a scatternet and develop coordinates devices. A device called the leader will start the piconet by acquiring all slaves in its range, a maximum of seven slaves. A master and its slaves form a piconet whose clock is synchronized with the clock of the master. Slaves and their master communicate through a piconet. During scatternet formation, the main issues that affect it are; how nodes will make discovery, how piconet sizes are balanced and how masters and gateways are chosen. What is a Bluetooth? This is a wireless technology that will allow connectivity between two or more devices that are Bluetooth enabled, for example a mobile phone and a computer. This technology is utilizing a 2.4 GHz radio spectrum and the devices must be at a range of 10 meters or more when an amplifier is used. But, due to variations among the mobile service providers, not all the Bluetooth technology will offer the same of functionality in devices. Bluetooth technology uses short- range communications technique which is intended to replace cable connecting portable at same time maintain a high levels of security. The advantages of this technology are that, it consumes low power and the cost is also low, while its specifications will define a uniform structure that will be used for a wide range of devices to connect and communicate with other devices. This new technology has achieve a global acceptance, this because Bluetooth device can connect to other Bluetooth enabled devices almost anywhere in th e world, and at same time Bluetooth device can communicate at same time up to seven other Bluetooth enabled devices within a single piconet-ad hoc networks. The strength of this new technology is its ability to handle both data and voice transmissions at same time, and this has enable people to enjoy various innovations that come with this new technology, such as hands-free headset for voice calls, mobile phone applications printing and fax capabilities. History of Bluetooth In 1994, Ericsson company started developing a device that will connect mobile phones to other devices without a cable interface, but in 1998, a special group of companies going by the name Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) was formed by five major mobile manufacturing companies: IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba and Ericsson, with the aim of promoting widespread commercial acceptance of this new technology. Within six months, Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) started inviting other telecommunication companies globally, and as a result of that they initiated a free access to Bluetooth technology, at same time these companies pledged to support any new specification of Bluetooth. Years later, with dollar signs gleaming in their eyes, the rest of telecommunication manufacturing companies quickly jumped on the bandwagon, In no time, almost 2,000 Bluetooth "adopters" to their ranks and the number continues to grow. The initial aim of Ericsson Company to start developing Bluetooth was to unite computer devices and other telecommunication devices, such as mobile phones without the use of a cable. Thus, the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) thought it quite fitting to name this new technology after the Danish King Harald "Bluetooth" Bltand; the Danish king was given that nick name Bluetooth because he used to love eating blueberries and that his teeth were stained blue due to the habit of eating blueberries; However, this is mere speculation. There are some IEEE standards which are found in Bluetooth technology, but the main difference about this new technology is that specifications or platform which Bluetooth operate is for a complete system; from physical layer to application layers found in other devices. Bluetooth specification Since its inception, Bluetooth technology has maintained a global standard with known specifications. Bluetooth has heralded itself as a universal communicator and the technology can be used in any country in the world. The following are the standard specifications of Bluetooth technology: Frequency Range Bluetooth technology operates under the frequency of 2.4 GHz, globally, this band used by this technology is free and unregulated, except in countries such as Japan, France and Spain, this bandwidth has been reduced, but these restrictions have been eliminated in both Japan and Spain. In France, its military have rights over the 2.4 GHz frequency band, but the authority over 2.4 GHz band was relinquished in January, 2001. Most countries in the world are beginning to regulate 2.4 GHz frequency band, thus ensuring the band will be available for Bluetooth appliances. Physical Layer The Bluetooth hardware has been made with a single 9*9mm chip, this hardware is found in all the electronics that are Bluetooth enabled, and can communicate with any Bluetooth device that is found within a radius of ten meters or this distance can be increases to 100 meters only if an amplifier has been used. The maximum data rate that can be used to transmit data is 1Mbps for 1st generation technology, and at same time Bluetooth technology uses Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GSSK) for radio frequency modulation. In the near future, this technology should allow achievement of between 2- 12 Mbps transfer rate. Noise Immunity Bluetooth technology is designed to work in a noisy environment, there are two powerful techniques that has enable this Bluetooth technology to achieve this purpose of operating under a noisy environment. These techniques are as follows: a. Frequency Hop (FH) spread spectrum; this is a technology which divides the frequency band into smaller channels. The technology will hop channels and in return it will minimize potential interference in Bluetooth technology operations. Bluetooth device after transmitting packet of data, the device will hop to another frequency and this is determined by the master. The goodness of this technology will provide a low level transmission security that cannot be cracked; in fact this technique will prevent the E0 encryption scheme from being cracked. b.Error control; this technique will enable Bluetooth receiver not only to detect error received, but it will correct the same transmitted error. The technique has the capability of limiting any noise that is being transmitted over a long distance links. There are 3 errors which have been well defined in Bluetooth technology specifications: 1/3 Rate FEC, 2/3 Rate FEC, and Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ). Although this technology has reduced the number of re-transmitted data, FEC has slow down transmissions, and therefore is not suitable to be used in a noise free environment. But, packet headers are exception for this technology because it can work well regardless of environmental factors. Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) incurs less overhead than Forward Error Correction (FEC), but it is less effective in term of ability to correct errors. But if the transmitter will not receive an ACK the data will be resent after a predefined period of time. Data Transmission Bluetooth technology will allow data to be transmitted in a synchronously way or asynchronously way. In voice transmission, The Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) method is widely used, since voice transmission need a smooth transmission and voice is transmitted via reserved intervals, in other words, packets of voice will be sent in groups without interruptions. Bluetooth technology is compatible to TCP/IP protocols and therefore can be well suited to traditional networking with other devices. I Bluetooth hardware; within a piconet, master-slave pair will have a different transmission mode and this transmission mode can change dynamically [3]. The frequency bandwidth is usually controlled by master unit- the slave unit does not have capability of transmitting data unless it has polled by the master unit. The master unit usually broadcast messages to the slave unit and this is via the ACL link, while Time-Division Duplex (TDD) technology will allow transmission in both direction in SCO and ACL. Power Bluetooth technology has a way of limiting its transmitting power to exactly what is needed; the signal strength of the transmitting power is dynamically modified to suit the required distance which information is transmitted. Trading off response time against battery usage; device that are Bluetooth enabled are reluctant to use unnecessary power. In comparison to a mobile phone, a Bluetooth device usually uses 3 per cent less power typically used by mobile phones. Security Bluetooth technology offers security through authentication of the devices involved in the connection and data exchange [4]. This is usually done at the Link Management Protocol (LMP) layer. Normally, this authentication based security utilizes the identification of the devices in use. Other ways of security involve implementing confidentiality and key derivation. Bluetooth PIN is what is generally used in creation of the Bluetooth key whereby the key is entered into both devices to be paired. The E22 algorithm is the algorithm used to generate an initialization key also known as the master key whereas the encryption of packets and confidentiality granting is done with the E0 stream cipher. This cipher is supported by use of a cryptographic secret which is an earlier generated master key. Below is an image describing the Bluetooth encryption process between a master device and a slave by use of both keys? Bluetooth utilizes three different encryption modes that are used to support the technologys confidentiality security service [5]. The first mode commonly known as plainly Encryption Mode 1, allows no encoding of any data being exchanged or being transmitted. In other words, traffic between the devices involved is not encrypted. In this particular mode, a device does not initialize any security measure. Traffic moves to and fro in a raw state having no security procedure interfere with it. A device in this non-secure mode has its authentication and encryption functionalities totally disabled and traffic just bypasses them [2]. Encryption Mode 1 allows unrestricted access to the particular device, meaning that the device does not prompt another device to identify itself as it tries to connect to it nor does it encode the data it transmits to any device. This particular mode utilizes no key a slave Bluetooth device receives and as a result, no encryption whatsoever is performed on eith er individually addressed traffic or broadcast addressed traffic. This is the most non-confidential mode for Bluetooth devices and is not recommended by the authorities. This mode leaves all data packets in transmission accessible to any intruder or Bluetooth user within range of the master device [1]. Bluetooth Encryption Mode 2 performs encryption only on individually addressed traffic based on individual link keys [13]. However, these links have to be individual. This encryption mode does not perform encryption on broadcast traffic. In other words, encryption is only offered in the connection to only one device but when the devices to connect to are more than one, no encryption is performed. However, when the connection is point-to-multipoint, the traffic transmitted is not encrypted [12]. This mode as compared to the first mode, offers a little bit of confidentiality in that it allows encryption of data transfer. A security concern is however raised in that it only offers confidentiality when only two devices are involved in the data transfer[11]. This means that if more than two devices were in the same Bluetooth range and one of the devices (the master) wants to connect or transfer data to the rest of the devices (the slaves), the traffic would be open to intrusion even if au thentication is enabled and verified. Thus it would be in order to declare that Bluetooth encryption mode 2, though confidential unlike Bluetooth Encryption Mode 1 that offers no confidentiality whatsoever, is still not satisfactorily confidential enough. This mode offers a leeway to intruders once the number of slaves exceeds one, thus challenging the security of the Bluetooth technology. The mode creates restrictions to data exchange [6]. Bluetooth Inquiry When two devices that are Bluetooth enabled want to start communicating they will do so by using Inquiry Phases, in inquiry phase one of the Bluetooth enable is assumed to be in master mode while the other one is assumed to be in slave mode [7]. The master will then send the packages and listen to respond that will come from the slave, also the slave mode listen package that is coming from the master and then send a return package. During the process of inquiry the Bluetooth enabled devices will change (hop) their frequencies a lot, but at a certain time during the hopping process Bluetooth enable devices will use the same frequency in the same time interval during the process, but further synchronization can be achieved in the process. The frequencies which are used during the inquiry are a subset of 79 frequencies which are widely used by the piconet in an operation. These frequencies are usually generated by resident counter and a GIAC or DIAC address [7]. The 32 frequencies that are used GIAC hop pattern are usually being spread across the spectrum by the scattering stage and it is usually at the end of the generation of frequency process in the Bluetooth. The inquiry process that are used in scattering are 0-5 and 53-78, but 32 frequencies are further divided into two trains, A and B and each will have 16 frequencies. The frequencies in a train usually changes over time, but the trains will exchange one frequency after every 1.28 seconds and this is based on changes in the free-running counter. After this period has elapses[10], the Bluetooth device enable will re-enters the scan substate and it will scan again, it will use a scan of length 11.23ms rather than 10ms which will allow a scan device to receive at least one full inquiry train, which will allow for timing misalignment. Piconets and Scatternets The ad hoc network will consist of many wireless devices that are able to communicate to each other, without a central controlling device [11], and this is the method used by Bluetooth device. In Bluetooth there is no dedicated Access Point to control data transmissions, instead the first Bluetooth enabled device will initiates a transmission and thus becomes a temporary master of the network; master is not a dedicated device like an Access Point. In PANs, Bluetooth enable devices that are closer can discover each other and form a small network- piconet, and without the help of a user[11], and this will enable data to be transferred from one Bluetooth enable device to another, for example, between a mobile phone to a laptop; by coming near the user will instruct the mobile or computer what action to perform [11]. Piconet This network is usually formed when two or more Bluetooth enable devices discover each other and begin to communicate, this network can accommodate up to eight Bluetooth enable devices, this is because address is only 3 bits long; in binary only values upto 07 (slaves) can be stored in the address field [12], but the master will not have any address, but 0 will be reserved for broadcast messages. In this process one of the devices will act as a master and the rest of devices will act as slaves; this is usually the first device which start transmission will become the master. Scatternets A Bluetooth enabled device can be a master in one of piconet, but it can also be a slave in another piconet network that is within a reachable distance [2]. Also a slave device can also connect into two different piconets that are within its reachable distance. However, a Bluetooth enable device cannot be a master for more than one piconet; this is because master device determines the hopping pattern used for a piconet [2] If a Bluetooth enabled device connect to two piconets, it will keep track of both frequency-hopping patterns of both piconet so that it can stay in touch with both piconet [2]. A master will transmit packets to its slaves to maintain the link, and this is usually based on negotiations that are between the master and its slaves devices. Thus, a Bluetooth device which is a member of two piconets must at all the time listen for these transmission that is coming from the master [2]. Scatternet protocol formation Wang, 5, postulates that there are two protocols for forming connected scatternet protocols. The resulting topology in both cases is a Bluetree. Each node assumes two to three roles. The single node initiates a blueroot the first protocol which is the root of the bluetree. This is how a rooted span tree is built: the root is assigned the role of a master and one hop neighbor of the root will be its slave. The roots children are then assigned additional aster role while the neighbors not assigned specific roles will be slaves of the new masters. The procedure is repeated until all the nodes are assigned. This happens by assigning only one node for each master. The bluetree scatternet formation consists of three phases. In the first phase each node collects information about its neighbors and creates a visibility graph. Nodes randomly go into page scan states inviting a maximum of N nodes to join their piconets. Disconnected piconets are formed after the first case while the master collects slaves information and share it with the slaves. During the second phase, Bluetooth nodes collect a maximum N slaves from piconets formed during the first phase. These nodes are then turned to bridges. During the last phase, piconets connect to form scatternet. A scatternet is formed by joining tree roots whereby each tree is a collection of nodes. The nodes alternate between three modes namely Comm, Comm/Scan and Inquire. Every root in the tree selects a leaf as the coordinator and the modes Scan and Inquire search for coordinators while noncoordinators do Comm/Scan. When they find each other, coordinators inform roots which enter page and page scans modes. This results to two roots to communicate and the master code becomes a new root. If a tree gets disconnected, the algorithm changes roles depending on who left the tree. A Bluetooth sensor network is also called a Bluetooth node whose work is to collect sensed values from sensor. The formation process involves two processes; the first and second phases. During the first phase connections and information about neighboring nodes are made. Information sensed by each node is sent to the Super Master (the network node) which orchestrates the network collected from the internet. Each node makes an inquiry during this phase one at a time during which other nodes make an inquiry scan. Inquiring nodes establish a network through SDAP and information collected during an inquiry is sent to the parent forming the matrix. As the node finishes an inquiry, then the next device starts its inquiry. When all nodes have taken their turn, the device gives the parent its turn to and shares all the information. Running this backs the algorithm traverses tree nodes and returns information to the super master. This helps to collect network information as the super master ch ooses K nodes and the selection is done on every ode through the tree and coordinated by the super master. Alternating bit protocol [14] Alternating bit protocol is a simple data layer protocol that is used in transmitting corrupted or lost messages in one direction between a pair of protocol entities. The messages sequences alternates between 0 and 1. M= messages sent from sender to receiver and A= acknowledgements sent from receiver to sender The protocol uses positive acknowledgment and other information of one bit to each message that is exchanged. Only one bit of message can be sent at a time; stop and wait. The model from this protocol is build from sender and receiver otherwise known as automata. The messages are exchanged between two fifo lossy channels, M and A. The sender will be able to read messages by the producer and send it through M. Acknowledgment for the message is then waited through A. the sender will be required to resend the message with the same bit if the acknowledgement does not arrive. If received, the sender will be able to send the next message from producer with an incremented bit. In this model, the A and M channels are unbounded because the resent data is not bounded as the figures below suggests in states s1, s3, r0, r2. The figures below give the automata of the receiver and sender. M!m0= sending of a message with bit 0 through channel M M?m0= reception of data with bit 0 through M nop= transition has no effect on channels Protocol validation Validation protocol is defined as a means of testing processes to ensure that they are valid and effective. Its main purpose is to help determine if certain rules or procedures are followed correctly. The protocol employs certain instructions that are followed to accomplish an end result. Computer networking protocol validation is done using some simulation and testing. To verify a protocol it has to be described in a structured way. There are usually two ways in doing this, use an implementation in a regular programming language and the use of a high level formalization language like PROMELA [15]. What is promela? This is a modeling language process which is used to verify the logic of parallel systems; the programming language is mostly used because it can be dynamically used to create a concurrent process in modeling, for example in distribution systems. In this Modeling, communication via message channels can defined to be synchronous or asynchronous, and this system can be analyzed by a spin model checker to find out if the modeled system has produced a desired behavior; the spin will perform a random or iterative simulations of the system execution or it can use a C programming that will perform a fast verification of the system for correctness. During the verification processes , the spin checkers will check if the deadlocks are there in the system, unspecified receptions and unexecutable code in the system. There are good reasons for an individual to use this programmable language, first, in designing and verification coordination structures in the distribution system software is regarded as harder in practice than the design of a non-interactive sequential computation, for example computation of compound interests. Second, system computation can be done more thoroughly and more reliably today than the verification of even the simplest computational procedure. Promela program contain many features that are not found in other mainstream programming languages, and these features will help a programmer to construct a high level models of distribution systems as you compare with other programs. For example, it will include specification of non-deterministic control structures; in other words, the program will have fairly rich set of primitives for inter-process communication. The limitation for this program is that it lacks some features that other programming languages have, for example f unctions that will return values, expressions with side effects and functions pointers; this is for the simple reasons that PROMELA is not a programming language but it is used to create a verification models. The model differs in two ways from a program written in programming language such as java or C++. A verification model will contain things that are not part of the implementation of the program, for example it can contain worst case assumptions about the characteristic of the environment that the verification model may interact with the system and this can either be implicitly or explicitly which will contain a specification of correctness properties of the program. Verification model will represent an abstract of original design that contains only those aspects that are found in the system. PROMELA is drives many characteristics from C program, for example syntax for Boolean and arithmetic operators, but POMELA has other differences that, is important to focus on the construction of high-level models of the interactions in distributed systems. The constructed model in PROMELA is made up of three basic types of objects: data objects, processes and message channels. Processes in PROMELA are proctypes and are mostly used to define behavior, in the program, there must be at least one proctype which must be declared in a model, and for the verification to be of much use there must be at least one process instantiation. The body of proctype is made up of zero or, one or many statements and the execution of the statement in the program is somewhat special because it will double as the primary for enforcing process synchronizations. Data or message channels can either be declared either globally, and this is found outside the process type declarations, or locally within a proce ss type declaration, these are the two types of levels of scope in PROMELA programming language: global and process local. It is not possible to restrict the scope of a local object to only part of a proctype body. Conclusion This paper has allowed me to go thoroughly into the new emerging technology; Bluetooth, with time this new technology applications will keep developing this is because of the need of mobility. Bluetooth technology is among the many proximity technologies being employed all over the world, such proximity technologies are: Infrared, RFID, and contact less Smart cards. Most of people using this new emerging technology are concern about the various issues such as: usefulness, acceptance, applications, security, usability, and reliability of technology. In order for these concerns to be taken care of, many specialists working with this new technology are continuously working to improve profiles into the emerging technology. Version two of Bluetooth technology can handle most of these concerns, SRFT Bluetooth technology has been created for financial transactions used in short range, and this has been a major step in the improvement towards Mobile Financial transactions. At the moment, Bl uetooth will provide auto connection between two devices that are Bluetooth enabled, with compromise to security. A recent article may seem to spell some trouble on the future of this new technology; Bluetooth. Recent Intel Development forum said the technology company was giving up on the deadlocked ultra-wideband IEEE task group, and the company has decided on going it alone with their new technology that will compete with Bluetooth technology, they are calling wireless USB. This new technology being initiated by Intel will do everything Bluetooth technology does and, but in term of Bluetooth found in PCs will be all dead. Ultra-wideband will able to provide a substantial performance benefits over Bluetooth technology, because it will be able to approach the speed of USB 2.0 and 1394. This means there will be faster connections, and at moment the faster connection is increasingly required by devices such as: apple iPod, digital cameras and removable hard drives. The lack of this throughput is what ended the Intel/Bluetooth technology honeymoon. If these new technologies were to be developed by Intel, they would give Bluetooth a run of its money. If the new technology will posses reliable compatibility, faster data transfer rate and the backing of a major player in the telecommunication industry- Intel, then surely Bluetooth will be in danger and may fall to the wayside in term of competition. However, at moment Bluetooth technology has already grabbed a large share of the market and it has a head start on whatever other new technologies that will come into being to compete. This also means, Bluetooth technology will have price advantage because research and design phase of Bluetooth technology has already been completed. Also, those special interest groups that advocate for the use of Ultra-wideband are at deadlock and as for now, no progress on the device has been made, so, as for now Bluetooth technology has the monopoly on the short range, low power wireless technology that are Bluetooth enabled. Bluetooth technology is also getting better on itself, the special interest group (SIG) is working on a new version of specifications that are found in Bluetooth technology. The group at the moment is working on the version 1.1, also, a group by the name Radio2 is working on the problems Bluetooth technology has with bandwidth technology, interference and problems with setup connection. If Radio2 can achieve their objectives of increasing the bandwidth, decreasing interference of Bluetooth with other technologies, and lastly correct the problems of connection setup, the future will be brighter for Bluetooth technology, and the technology will be able to compete well with the performance of new technology that will come into the market. Based on various evidences from all aspects of applications, this new technology is definitely a technology that has valuable uses in the world today. If Bluetooth technology continues to be unchallenged in the world, even though it has its drawbacks, it will grab a large share in wireless device technology. With the backing of major telecommunications companies which has put their money in research and development, it will be extremely difficult for other emerging technology to overcome Bluetooth technology. Buy custom Bluetooth Modelling essay

Influence of family on children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Influence of family on children - Research Paper Example The reason behind the role of families in influencing children is explained by the attachment theory. This theory suggests that children derive most of their emotional resources from their interaction with their family members and obtain knowledge and/or awareness regarding the working models of relationships based on the type of ties they develop with their parents. It has been claimed by various researchers that one of the key reasons why families have a strong influence on the children is the fact that the children are strongly attached to their caregivers during their initial years and their relationship with their caregivers is known to affect the manner in which they react to external stimuli and interact with their peers and those around them (Spodek and Saracho, 2006). The structure of family also is one of the several key factors that play a key role in influencing children. According to the family instability perspective - a sociological theory, it is suggested that children of divorced or separated parents have a strong negative impact on the children. The instability hypothesis suggests that the structure of a family shapes the children’s' view of the real world outside their families and help them in adjusting with their external environment. Children of separated or divorced parents are known to face difficulties in coping with cohabitation. It has been observed that households with low socio-economic backgrounds tend to influence their children by instilling some crucial skills. which may prove to be helpful to them in adapting to different work environments. This includes gaining critical skills which may help them shape their creativity and foster a sense of initiative which is imperative for professionals and white-collar workers. Such families deliberately instill values such as obedience to authoritative figures since it is perceived as a critical skill, based on their own personal experiences (Sigelman and Rider, 2011). Research have indicated that children who grow up in divorced households are typically devoid of the conventional parenting i.e. receiving attention and care by their parent, usually fathers, who are

Am I A Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Am I A Leader - Essay Example I learned of the essential theories to become a leader from the academe and from contemporary experiences. It is one’s personal contention that that there are persons born and destined to become leaders. In my case, I realized it is a process encompassing developmental stages in one’s life span. As babies, parents provide assistance in personal care and needs. Through one’s personal development, children get to stand and walk on their own. We learn to exercise our sense of autonomy. There were times when there was the persistent conviction to negate our parents just to do what we want. In this stage of life, leadership of a growing child was clearly exemplified. It is a type of leadership involving the primary care giver and the child. Leadership is thereby recognized as the process of influence in other people to achieve a certain goal. At this stage, the only goal that one has is the gratification of needs, realized through either good or bad behavior. It seems that even as a child, one learned to influence and become a leader in simple ways. The first time we pursued academic endeavors, the start of the leadership process focus on enrichment. Through school plays, group activity, participating in discussions, and joining school organizations, leadership enrichment is reflected. We came to have peers that influence us or we get the chance to influence them. Leadership is clearly expressed and felt when friends and acquaintances ask one’s opinion regarding outfits, assignments, perception, and even fun activities and endeavors. Colleagues begin to value one’s opinions with regards to group perception. I became more competitive in the latter part of academic life. I joined different organizations and performed responsibilities concurrent with higher accountabilities expected of my position. I came to enjoy different social interactions from both genders. One became more focused on achieving higher grades because of the belief that as a profound influence to others. It manifests some form of power and authority. I envisioned to be more responsible, committed, and become a role model. That was the stage of my life that I felt that I truly became a leader. Qualities of a Good Leader But what are the qualities of a good leader? Did I have that power to lead? According to Warren Bennis (1990), managers are people who do things right, while leaders are people who do the right thing. Leaders are persons with character who strives for excellence. Leaders do not command a group to achieve excellence; rather, they are engaged in achieving excellence. One sees what is desired and goes after it. One attracts followers because of the will power, determination, energy, drive, and willpower. Of course, to be a leader, trust is the most essential thing. Trust builds good relationships between the leader and the follower. Since a leader influence a group of people, one must be inspiring and must show the confidence in ac hieving identified goals and endeavors. A good leader is acknowledged to treat others fairly; should display empathy and sensitivity to other people’s values, beliefs, and emotions. In a leader’s journey to reach identified goals, insurmountable amounts of stress are expected to be overcome. The leader must have enough courage to surpass challenges and be creative in dealing with trying situations. Until now, I am thinking of qualities that I exhibited

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 28

History - Essay Example In the eleven states in the US that constituted the American South, slavery was an established social and legal institution that was an integral part of the agricultural economy of these states. The American abolitionists favored the end of slavery, even under the risk of jeopardizing the harmony existing between the Northern and the Southern states. The Abolitionist Movement was favored by many luminaries like William Lloyd Garrison, John Greenleaf Whittier, Fredrick Douglass, and Charles Henry Langston. The Women’s Movement in the United States intended to seek a more egalitarian and just life for the female citizens of the republic. It was motivated by a number of ways in which the women were discriminated against in the United States. In the 1848 America, women were subject to several institutionalized biases. Not only the women were denied the right to vote, but they were also required to be subservient to the laws, while having no active role in the making of those laws. The Women’s Movement intended to correct this injustice. These two movements immensely influenced each other in the sense that many of the female luminaries who stood for woman’s rights were also former abolitionists (Sklar 4). Initially the few people who openly spoke against slavery, which may include Sarah Grimke and Angelina Grimke, also happened to be committed feminists (Sklar 27). To a great extent, it was the participation of the women abolitionists in the anti-slavery activities like public speaking, working for the cause of abolition, organizing rallies and events, getting the petitions signed, planning and managing fundraising events, and drafting and mailing letters to the congressman that gave them a real, firsthand insight into the dynamics and mechanics of political activism, which the later exploited in supporting the cause of women’s rights. Actually it was the sidelining of women abolitionists in the 1840

Radioactive Isotopes Essay

Radioactive Isotopes Essay Pranav Nagrecha Introduction: Radioactive isotopes are kind of isotopes, which have an unstable nuclide and react in assorted ways, they are derived from isotopes that also hold an unstable nucleus but they do not react as radioisotopes do[i]. These factors are categorized by the extra energy which is present in them and which would be used to react and produce some other particle. The reaction, which would result in various emissions of Gama, rays, alpha particles, beta particles. The reaction, which causes these emissions, is called radioactive decay (Radioactivity). The discharge of the radioactive decay is harmful in various ways, only due to the progress in technology now these disadvantages have been converted to advantages and now radioisotopes are used in several facial expressions, which also let in various medical aspects, which would be compensated in the report. The concept of Radioactivity was found by a French physicist, Antoine Henri Becquerel. As most of the discoveries, this also was by a very honest observation and accidental. During the research of phosphorescent materials (The elements which glow in black). Studying Uranium for his research, he kept the uranium on the photographic film, it was a routine for him to hold it under the sunlight for some days and then examine it later. On a cloudy day, he kept the film and the uranium inside. Later on some days he took an observation when he watched the video, the image of the uranium appeared in the film, from his experience, he concluded that it was not because of the sun and it was some reaction which had taken place and lead to this. [ii] After some rigorous testing, he came to know about radiation, which had this reaction. In 1903, he was awarded with a Noble prize for his discovery; Uranium is still the most radioactive element present. As all the reactive isotopes have some spirit, i.e. the time until they crumble, this phenomena is called as ‘Half-Life’. Half-life marks the time in which isotope mass reduces by half. For example, an isotope has a mass of 10 Grams and its half-life is 5 years, Five years later mass of the isotope would be 5 Grams, in the next five years, its mass would be 2.5 Grams and this procedure will decrease exponentially until the mass is Zero. [iii] As isotopes are available in nature, they are sorted into three main categories ‘primordial’ is the former type. Being naturally radioactive the people who exist on this planet release artificial radionuclides. However, the land was formed about 5 billion years ago with various unstable nuclides reacting with each other. The majority of the elements have decayed and formed into various stable elements, there are some who possess a long half-life and yet survive in nature; these isotopes are addressed as â€Å"Primordia l Isotopes†[iv]. The second type of isotopes is called â€Å"Radiogenic Isotopes.† These kinds of isotopes are derived from the format character. The Primordial Isotopes always decay and form radiogenic isotopes. Compared to the format they have a shorter half-life[v] . They hold a parent-daughter pair with the former type; their usage will always depend on the half-life of their parent isotope. The third â€Å"cosmogenic isotopes,† these kinds of isotopes is continuously created in the air. These are organized because of the cosmic rays and various human experiments, which include various reactions of radioactive isotopes; In addition, the nuclear explosions also lead to the formation of cosmogenic isotopes.[vi] Radioactive isotopes have various uses for example it is directly given to clean the lab equipment in which the radioactivity would sterilize the equipment and make it useful for the further experiments, compared to other cleaning methods this method is one of the most clever manner. Radiolabelling is a concept in which the original chemical compound is being altered by using scientific techniques, there are some changed made in the atom, as one or two atoms are put back by radioisotopes. The further study is done until the reactant transformes into a product. The tracers used in various plants and animals help us in studying the organs, cell, and various other aspects of the body. Example if we take a molecule of water and we want to modify it further, we modify one of the hydrogen atoms with a hydrogen-3 atom. This molecule will be a perfect replacement for the original hydrogen atom. Therefore, if we want to trace the atom it is possible, because Tritium atom (Hydrogen-3) is trace able using various radiation detection equipment’s. [vii] As explained above the study of cells become easy using this. Supposedly a scientist has to study the plant and find out how much a particular vitamin is used, he would particularly just modify that vitamin and then feed the plant with it, when the plant uses it up it simply could be discovered by a scanner. This will enable us to know where is a particular vitamin is used; the same can be done on animals. This technique helps in improving and discovering new medications. Carbon Dating is another concept, which is related to the radioactivity of carbon. This concept has helped us to solving the question when did the organism died. The amount of carbon-14 determined can tell us how old the organism is. It works in the following way, when a particular organism dies; there is a specific mass of Carbon 14 to Carbon 12, which is present in some ratio. Comparing both carbons 12 is more stable. Then, when we see an organism we would regulate the amount of carbon 14, because it must have disintegrated at a considerable pace, which is quite preditable. Using the concept of Half Life in this carbons half like is around 5700 Years, which will allow it to stay with the body for 5700 years. [viii] Smoke detectors are very useful and have become mandatory for everyone, have we ever wondered how do they work? Yes, it is because of the Radioisotopes, which make it possible. There is a negligible amount of americium-241, which makes it possible. Americium is an artificially created element. This element always emits a low amount of alpha and beta rays. These are mixed with some oxygen and are given a small amount of charge. The smoke detectors and two electrons in them, thus the voltage applied keeps the electron flow stable and continues. During the time of smoke, when it enters in the chamber the smoke particles are drawn towards the charged ions, this disturbs the current stream in between the two electrodes and therefore activates the alert. Using these substances for makes the detection of smoke faster compared to the older methods. The half-life of the isotope also makes it available for a long time and not is spoilt. [ix] Various radioactive isotopes are also used for security purposes, like detection of various explosives. The compound is as Californium-252 and Cobalt-60 are used for the detection for the explosives. They sense the nitrogen chemical compounds, which are found in major explosives and thus trigger the alarm. They also sense the gama radiations, wich enhance their capabilities.[x] Radioactive metals decay at a considerable rate, while this procedure they produce radiation, which consists energy that can break electrons, which would produce two different charged ions. The radiation also would cause damage to various human tissues. Some radiations are so harmful that they do not yet even possess a remedy. Various health starting from nausea to death are caused by exposure to radiation. They deviate from the quantity of radiation exposed to a special individual. [xi] Conclusion: Radioactive Isotopes have been useful for us in several ways, but this all has been to the jeopardy of our lives. For example: The isotopes of lead are very radioactive and have a direct effect on the brain and nervous system. Radioactive isotopes are the ones, which have yielded a wage hike to various bad and incurable diseases, but then also assisted us to heal them at the same time. The merits and demerits of this factor cannot be likened. [i] R.H. Petrucci, W.S. Harwood and F.G. Herring, General Chemistry (8th ed., Prentice-Hall 2002) [ii] Laboratory Safety and Management: An Introduction to Radioisotopes and Radioactivity. Laboratory Safety and Management: An Introduction to Radioisotopes and Radioactivity. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2014. http://laboratorysafetyandmanagement.blogspot.com/2011/12/introduction-to-radioisotopes-and.html>. [iii] Radioactive Half-Life. Radioactive Half-Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2014. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/halfli.html>. [iv] A. Martin, S. Mead and B.O. Wade. Nuclear Science and Technology. Materials Containing Natural Radionuclides in Enhanced Concentrations (1997): n. pag. Web. 16 Nov. 2014. [v] Gargaud, Muriel, and R. Amils. Encyclopedia of Astrobiology. New York: Springer, 2011. Print. [vi] Beer, JuÃÅ'ˆrg, Ken McCracken, and Rudolf Von Steiger. Cosmogenic Radionuclides as Environmental Tracers. Heidelberg: Springer, 2012. Print. [vii] Science Clarified. Radioactive Tracers. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2014. http://www.scienceclarified.com/Qu-Ro/Radioactive-Tracers.html> [viii] Archaeological Dating. Archaeological Dating. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2014. http://people.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/nuclear/dating.html> [ix] Smoke Detectors and Americium. Smoke Detectors and Americium. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2014. http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Non-Power-Nuclear-Applications/Radioisotopes/Smoke-Detectors-and-Americium/>. [x] Security Imaging / Security Inspection. Security Imaging Sources, Security Inspection Sources. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. http://www.qsa-global.com/sources/applications/security-imaging-inspection.aspx>. [xi] Health Effects. EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2014. http://www.epa.gov/radiation/understand/health_effects.html>.

Introduction :: Economics

Introduction The aim of this coursework is to use economic theory and explain how supermarkets in my area compete for custom. To provide a fair competition, the four dominant super markets, Sainsbury, Asda, Tesco and Morrisons are chosen. I shall investigate how the ‘big four’ compete for profit against each other in Leicestershire. Research Plan: To prevent complications the class is divided into 4 groups according to their local supermarkets and accessibility. Each student is provided a price check list with a complete list of common items and compares each different supermarket’s product listing. This is the basic plan but comprehensive analysis and research techniques shall be started later on as we familiarize with economic skill and business brain of these clever large firms. Competition Theory: The medium in which a monetary exchange on a basis of business values takes place is known as The Marketing System or The Marketing Industry. Now The Market is such a place where buyers and sellers meet (outdoor/indoor) to exchange goods and services for a monetary value. The Buyer is actually the customer, consumer or the general public. In the U.K. Market is more defined as a place of competition, where survival of the fittest is the only necessary skill. A market can be an opportunity for success or a road to downfall. There are two kinds’ major kinds of businesses in a market that are Product Orientated Businesses and Market Orientated Business. A Market Orientated Business is where the focused product is produced first and then a market place is searched for it. Whereas, A Product Orientated Business is where the market environment and its demands are recognized first and then the product manufactured accordingly. This process of discovering the needs and investigating opportunities in a market is called Market Research. A market orientated business is more likely to have a Marketing Budget as it has performed market research and knows the pros and cons of the marketable product and therefore can predict a financial plan for a specified period of time and value , say a ‘5 years plan of 1million pounds’. The market is risky and tricky place for both buyers and sellers. The sellers want to drain the maximum money out of the public pocket. The seller’s goal is to sell a. Product for the maximum price and the buyer’s is to buy a product for the minimum cost. In order to make their goals not coincide, the sellers try to provide satisfaction for the products they sell. It’s all about the customer needs. For example; if a manufacturer (Asda) decides to enter the toy market, the firm will do a market research and try to predict the choice of

Assessment and identification Essay

Assessment and identification are key elements in education, in particular, special education. Assessing students is essential to knowing where to begin with a student. No matter what the student’s ability is or is being, they all need to be assessed. After the assessments are done and evaluated, a teacher should have a better understanding of what level of performance the students are in the classroom. More than likely not all students will perform equally. The child needs further identification, a teacher needs to initiate a meeting with that diagnostician and get the students started in the Response To Intervention (RTI) process. The child is identified and then an IEP (Individualized Educational Plan) is created at and ARD(Annual Review and Dismissal) meeting. For Emotional or behavioral disturbed students, a BIP (Behavior Intervention Plan) is usually utilized to assist the child and teacher to â€Å"pinpoint† troubled times of the day or particular settings that are not productive for that child and their learning process. Once the ARD meeting has taken place and the modifications have been approved and relayed to the teacher, the learning can begin. Learning can either be successful or not, depending on the approach and strategies used by the teacher. In order for the teacher to accommodate for students with learning disabilities, here she must use differentiated instruction and multilevel assessments. Not all students can learn or perform at the same level. One might suggest strategies or approaches, such as creating a syllabus allowing the students to know what will be covered and assignments that will be expected of them throughout the course. A calendar should accompany the syllabus to assist the visual learners. Technology could be used to present information, and to assess students. This method is especially helpful for a kinesthetic learner or one that has dyslexia. Visual learners could also benefit from the use of technology. Assessments need to be multidimensional with all learners in mind. Of course, the modification and accommodations should align with the student’s IEP. Teachers must know how to create an assessment that is tailored for all learners and remember both the high and low scoring students. In all areas of instruction, whether it be the first time information is being presented or not, the assessment must be given in a way that is effective and efficient. They must always remember to† go as quickly as you can, but as slowly as you must. †

outpouring of personality essays

outpouring of personality essays We are one of a kind! That was made us special... Many things, letting us know how wonderfully and creatively God made you and me. God given assets to distinguish that we are UNIQUE. We have different drives, abilities, and personalities and we cant be treated as the same. We are all born with our own set of strengths and weaknesses, and no magic formula works wonders for all of us. We start with our own set of inborn traits. Some of our qualities are beautiful with strains of gold. Some are blemished with fault lines of gray. Our circumstances, IQ, environment and parental influence can mold our personalities. No wonder we didnt get along! Yes. Each one of us is unique. We started out with a combination of ingredients that made us different from others. We cant imitate someone else... for we are opposite in personalities and interest in life. As we understand ourselves and become true to our own natures, we automatically develop a new acceptance for those people who dont see things our way and who wish to live in a style contrary to our perceptions. And it did happen to me when a thing does not work out in the way I want it to be. It causes us to accept others and ourselves realistically, and it shows us to anticipate problems and handle them before they happen. Circumstances come on my walk exploring life. I cannot tell you how many times I have been really hurt by friends. In each one of us are good and bad we have traits that produces negative responses in others. Quite often the same characteristics can be both a plus and a minus, according to degree, that positives arrived to extremes becomes negative. But even if how much you try just to be pleasing with them and sometimes you already go with the flow, yet it is not enough and still you are being misinterpreted. I know, each one of us has a hero blood wit hin our veins, and how excit...

MEDIA COVERAGE FOR SELF-PUBLISHED WRITER

MEDIA COVERAGE FOR SELF-PUBLISHED WRITER Since newspapers generally have a policy of NOT reviewing self-published books its almost impossible to get a book review in any newspaper. Some papers go so far as to not review anything published A feature story about you is more credible and likely to generate interest than a review of your book. So look at your life and see what you have to offer newspapers readers. Do you collect Santa Claus dolls or trains? Have you turned your living room into a bird sanctuary where 50 birds fly free where your couch used to sit? Do you spend your weekends building tree houses for neighborhood kids? I wrote feature stories on all these people. When you can get a reporter interested in you running your 10th marathon, or heading up the drive to distribute sleeping bags to the homeless its very easy to work in, Oh, and I just published a book. If you have something in your life to pitch to a reporter OTHER than your book, youre almost guaranteed to be able to talk about writing the book in the article. Your self-published book may drive interest in something the public wants to know about. For instance, a parent who self-publishes a book on how to get through the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of her childs cancer to raise money for cancer research or her child, is likely to get a reporters attention. So is the coach who writes a book on how to introduce your child to sports. If you have a recognized expertise, most reporters will find a story in that. Have you written a book on the history of your town and had to go on some amazing road trips, or dig into old courthouse documents, or interview veterans in a near Are you related to someone famous who is mentioned in the book? You dont have to be Oprahs long lost sister, but if the towns local celebrity is related to you, then good for you! If youre a famous coach, teacher or political figure who self-publishes a book, chances are youll get the attention of any small town paper. Think holidays! If youve written a book on Thanksgiving traditions, or how to wrap Christmas gifts, or anything related to the big holidays- Veterans Day/Memorial Day, Thanksgiving or Christmas, Easter etc., MOST small to medium newspapers will write a story to tie the holiday to a local person. Dont stop at your daily paper. Almost all cities have alternative papers, and rural areas have weekly papers. If you live in a bedroom community then chances are you have a weekly paper whod love to write about your book. But read several issues of the paper FIRST, before you write the editor. Try to see if your book has relevance for the readership. There are all kinds of weekly papers for seniors, grandparents, sports enthusiasts, fishermen and parents. Try to find a paper (most are free and distributed at libraries, grocery stores and shopping centers) that caters to people who would be interested in your book. Dont try to get a grandparenting magazine to review your Sci-fi thriller. Do get a parenting magazine to look at your How I Learned to Get Offline and Love the Playground book on parenting in a high tech society. Dont forget bloggers! Many of the larger newspapers read local blogs and will pick up on any content that generates online buzz. The trick is to never stop marketing! You can do it!

Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Essay

Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - Essay Example Global statistic shows that approximately 33.4 million of people are currently live with AIDS/HIV among them are 3.3 million of children. Also, approximately 97% of all patients that have AIDS/HIV are from low and middle income countries. The first cases of AIDS/HIV were detected in 1981. Since that time HIV lead to 25 million deaths all over the world. Therefore AIDS/HIV is the most important health challenge nowadays. HIV related to the lentiviruses from Retroviridae family. This genus of viruses mainly characterizes by their ability to transmit quite huge amount of viral RNA into the DNA of the host cell. Also they can infect non-dividing cells. The main targets for HIV are cells of the immune system such as macrophages that are white blood cells and can protect our organism through phagocytosis from outer dangerous substances; dendritic cells that involve in process of antigen production and presenting on the surface of the T cells; T helper cells that play important role in adaptive immune system and immune responses. (Mayo Clinic,2014) HIV damages CD4+ cells that related to the T helper cells and the amount of such cells rapidly decreased. When level of CD4+ cells is lower than a minimal level cell-mediated immunity stops work properly and does not release phagocytes and cytokines as a response to an antigen. This is quite dangerous process that leads to the extremely high susceptibility of organism to opportunistic infections that are not that dangerous and usually do not cause disease in people with a healthy immune system. (Mayo Clinic,2014)

Competition in School Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Competition in School - Assignment Example Some feel competition helps each person to hone their creative skills. For students who study in design schools, the nurturing of individual creativity is important because they must continually innovate. When competition is involved, students take risks they might not otherwise take to create something unique enough to be noteworthy. It means students summon their most creative talent. Many students like Elizabeth Young, a former student of the University of California, argues students learn more about their natural talent in competitive environment. It is considered as the "whetstone of talent." Competition also helps the students to work as teams and create success together. Competition affects the general welfare of society. Competition leads to jealousy and envy among people. It is true that competition may be helpful in giving people the drive to design better projects, but this is not really where the story ends. People may actually turn against each other personally due to professional competition. Educator Mary Pat Lynch shares that in such harsh competition winning becomes the focus instead of learning. All students care about is the grade and no effort is made to actually understand the ideas involved.